高性能GIS研究进展及评述     

左尧  王少华  钟耳顺  蔡文文 《地球信息科学学报》2017,19(4):437-446

互联网技术的发展使地理信息技术得到了前所未有的发展和应用,地理信息计算呈现出计算速度快、运行效率高、应用多样化的发展特征。而随着计算机硬件性能飞速提升,传统的GIS数据处理方式并不能与之匹配,各种缺陷与弊端逐渐显现,亟待更高效的数据处理方式。目前,以并行集群计算技术和分布式网络技术为代表的高性能计算的出现,为这些问题的解决带来了新思路,并逐渐发展形成了新一代的多核并行高性能计算系统。当前,如何利用新型硬件体系结构带来的计算能力,研究新一代高性能GIS计算系统,解决现在所面临的时空数据密集和计算密集问题成为重要挑战。高性能计算是基于一组或几组计算机系统组成的集群,通过网络连接组成超级计算系统以加强数据处理、分析计算性能的一种技术。在实际应用中,逐渐形成Hadoop,Spark和Storm 3大主流分布式高性能计算系统,它们三者各具优缺点。本文从高性能GIS算法、并行GIS计算、内存计算和众核计算4个方面梳理、归纳总结了高性能GIS的技术体系,分析了每类高性能GIS技术特征,综合分析、评述了近年来高性能GIS的研究进展,并对高性能GIS未来发展进行展望,为更完备、高效的高性能GIS体系的建立、发展和应用提供参考。今后,并行GIS计算、高性能计算模式和分布式存储仍然是GIS技术领域发展的重要方向,通过高性能GIS系统可有效地解决时空数据密集、计算密集和网络通讯密集等问题,大大提升GIS地理分析效率。  相似文献   

双线偏振天气雷达天线性能要求及其检测方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苏德斌  孟庆春  沈永海  吕达仁 《高原气象》2012,31(3):847-861

双线偏振天气雷达天线性能的优劣将直接影响雷达探测能力和气象目标定量测量的精度。双线偏振雷达主要采用交替发射和双发双收两种模式,即水平和垂直线偏振波交替发射同时接收和同时发射同时接收两种形式。本文基于双线偏振天气雷达天线误差对气象目标探测精度影响的研究和分析,提出了双线偏振天气雷达天线性能要求及其检测方法,特别对如何在雷达工作现场利用太阳和专用信号源检测评估双线偏振天气雷达天线性能的方法进行了说明。  相似文献   

A Comparative Study of Pollutant Removal Stability in Hybrid Wetland Columns     

Tanveer Ferdous Saeed 《湿地科学》2012,10(2):142-148

This study investigated the effects of two alternative substrates(wood mulch and zeolite) on the performance of three laboratory-scale hybrid wetland systems that had identical system components and configurations.Each system consisted of a vertical flow(VF) wetland column,followed by a horizontal flow(HF) column and a vertical flow column.The substrates employed were wood mulch,gravel and zeolite,and Phragmites australis were planted in each column.The systems received synthetic wastewater,with pollutant loadings in the range of 8.5-38.0 g/(m2·d) total nitrogen(TN) and 4.0-46.4 g/(m2·d) biological oxygen demand(BOD5).Wood mulch and zeolite substrates showed higher efficiencies in terms of removing nitrogenous compounds and biodegradable organics.The supply of organic carbon from the organic mulch substrates enhanced denitrification,while adsorption of influent ammoniacal nitrogen(NH4-N) in zeolite played a major role in the removal of nitrogenous species in the wetland columns.Overall,the average percentage removals of TN and BOD5 reached >66% and >96% respectively,indicating stable performances by the hybrid wetland systems under the experimental loading ranges.Mathematical models were developed,based on the combination of Monod kinetics and continuously-stirred tank reactor(CSTR) flow patterns to describe the degradation of nitrogenous compounds.Predictions by the models closely matched the experimental data,indicating the validity and potential application of Monod kinetics in the modelling and design of treatment wetlands.  相似文献   

Nonstationary stochastic response of structural systems equipped with nonlinear viscous dampers under seismic excitation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Enrico Tubaldi  Ioannis A. Kougioumtzoglou 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(1):121-138

Nonlinear viscous dampers are supplemental devices widely used for enhancing the performance of structural systems exposed to seismic hazard. A rigorous evaluation of the effect of these damping devices on the seismic performance of a structural system should be based on a probabilistic approach and take into account the evolutionary characteristics of the earthquake input and of the corresponding system response. In this paper, an approximate analytical technique is proposed for studying the nonstationary stochastic response characteristics of hysteretic single degree of freedom systems equipped with viscous dampers subjected to a fully nonstationary random process representing the seismic input. In this regard, a stochastic averaging/linearization technique is utilized to cast the original nonlinear stochastic differential equation of motion into a simple first‐order nonlinear ordinary differential equation for the nonstationary system response variance. In comparison with standard linearization schemes, the herein proposed technique has the significant advantage that it allows to handle realistic seismic excitations with time‐varying frequency content. Further, it allows deriving a formula for determining the nonlinear system response evolutionary power spectrum. By this way, ‘moving resonance’ effects, related to both the evolutionary seismic excitation and the nonlinear system behavior, can be observed and quantified. Several applications involving various system and input properties are included. Furthermore, various response parameters of interest for the seismic performance assessment are considered as well. Comparisons with pertinent Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the reliability of the proposed technique. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Quantitative failure metric for gravity dams          下载免费PDF全文

M. A. Hariri‐Ardebili  V. Saouma 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(3):461-480

Quantitative failure monitoring is a critical tool for safety assessment of concrete dams. This includes damage occurrence, intensity, location, number, size, and propagation pattern. Such an assessment is essential for a quantifiable prioritization of repair and will thus reduce overall cost and improve safety. This paper will address this timely topic through the nonlinear transient analysis of a dam and failure will be ascertained through a multi‐scale damage index. A damage‐plastic model for mass concrete is used, Drucker‐Prager elasto‐plastic one for the foundation, and infinite elements are used for far‐field boundaries. Water‐dam interaction is accounted for through fluid finite elements. It is determined that the proposed damage indices can indeed provide a quantitative metric for the degree of failure in gravity dams in terms of the input dynamic motion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Assessment of various CPT based liquefaction severity index frameworks relative to the Ishihara (1985) H1–H2 boundary curves     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2015

The objective of the study presented herein is to develop an understanding of the predictive trends of four different liquefaction severity index frameworks, with emphasis on the utility of the frameworks for assessing liquefaction vulnerability in Christchurch, New Zealand. Liquefaction induced land damage was widespread following the four major earthquakes in Christchurch (M_w 5.9–7.1) between 4 September 2010 and 23 December 2011. As part of the rebuilding effort, a major focus, to date, has been on assessing/developing approaches for evaluating vulnerability to liquefaction induced damage in future events. The four liquefaction severity index frameworks that are evaluated herein are: the one-dimensional volumetric reconsolidation settlement (S_V1D), the Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI), and two new liquefaction severity indices developed following the major earthquakes in Christchurch, namely the Ishihara inspired LPI (LPI_ISH) and the Liquefaction Severity Number (LSN). To assess the predictive trends of the four severity index frameworks, the H₁–H₂ boundary curves developed by Ishihara (1985) are used as a reference of comparison. In large part, the severity index frameworks serve the same purpose as the Ishihara boundary curves, but they alleviate some of the difficulties in implementing the Ishihara boundary curves for assessing the highly stratified soil profiles that underlie much of Christchurch. A parametric study was performed wherein relatively simple soil profiles are evaluated using all the procedures and contour plots of calculated S_V1D, LPI, LPI_ISH, and LSN values were superimposed onto the Ishihara boundary curves. The results indicate that the LPI_ISH and LSN indices yield similar trends as the Ishihara boundary curves, whereas the S_V1D and LPI indices do not. Furthermore, little field data is available to assess the severity indices for the scenarios where the trends in the LPI_ISH and LSN indices differ.  相似文献   

高烈度区重力式挡墙基于性能的抗震设计方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

韩鹏飞  隋孝民 《地震工程学报》2015,37(2):585-593,611

介绍基于性能抗震设计的核心理念,以支挡结构震害调查分析为背景,阐述开展高烈度区重力式挡墙基于性能抗震设计研究的必要性;构建重力式挡墙基于性能的抗震设计框架,归类分析现行规范与基于性能抗震设计的关键技术问题;依据支挡结构震害调查及大型振动台模型试验,提出位移指数可作为衡量挡墙抗震性能的量化指标,确定重力式挡墙基于性能抗震设计的性能准则及流程;经对比计算基于性能与规范抗震设计的挡墙算例,显示基于性能抗震设计的优越性,为高烈度区重力式挡墙基于性能抗震设计的工程应用提出建议。  相似文献   

Heavy Metal Removal by Electrocoagulation Integrated Membrane Bioreactor          下载免费PDF全文

Vinduja Vijayakumar  Keerthi  Natesan Balasubramanian 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(4):532-537

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胜利东二号露天矿6煤层直接液化性能评价     

韩晓宙  霍超  赵岳  张建强  张恒利  贺军 《中国煤炭地质》2019,(3):19-22

基于褐煤直接液化特性与煤性质的关系,从煤岩组分和煤质基本性质出发,结合前人对与褐煤直接液化相关的煤岩组分和煤质指标研究成果,通过采样测试与收集数据,探讨了胜利煤田东二号露天矿6煤层煤岩组分、灰分、挥发分、H/C原子比对其直接液化的影响,提出了褐煤作为直接液化的指标要求范围。结果表明:该煤层活性组分(腐植组和稳定组)含量较高,挥发分含量大于35%、H/C原子大部分大于0. 70、浮煤灰分大部分小于10%,符合液化指标要求,可作为较理想的直接液化原料煤。  相似文献   

基于力学过程的蓄滞洪区洪水风险评估模型及应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

果鹏  夏军强  陈倩  李娜 《水科学进展》2017,28(6):858-867

为定量评估分蓄洪工程启用过程中蓄滞洪区的洪水风险等级,创建了基于力学过程的蓄滞洪区洪水风险评估模型。该模型采用二维水动力学模块计算蓄滞洪区的洪水演进过程,利用洪水中人体跌倒失稳公式及洪水中房屋、农作物损失的计算关系式,评估各类受淹对象的洪水风险等级。然后将二维水动力学模块计算的洪水要素与两个物理模型试验值进行对比,表明二维水动力学模块的计算精度良好。最后计算了荆江分洪工程启用时分洪区内洪水的演进过程,并评估洪灾中群众的危险等级和财产损失。计算结果表明:洪水演进至140 h时,蓄滞洪区群众、房屋、水稻和棉花的平均损失率分别为85%、59%、63%和72%。模型中提出的采用基于受淹对象失稳机制的洪水风险分析方法,比以往经验水深法划分风险等级的适用性更好,不仅能为洪水风险管理及蓄滞洪区启用标准制定提供参考,也能推广应用于溃坝或堰塞湖溃决等极端洪水风险评估。  相似文献